Kayaking is often considered a paddle activity with the traditional two-bladed paddle. However, as kayaking popularity has soared, so have advances in various types of propulsion. Kayaks with pedal drive systems are growing more popular as they can use your legs to propel the craft allowing your hands to be free for other activities, especially fishing.
Let’s take a look at the components, construction, and mechanics of pedal drive systems for kayaks.
Types of Kayak Pedal-Drive Systems
Propeller (Rotational) Pedal
This type of rotational pedaling uses a circular motion in your legs to move the kayak. It is the same motion you use to ride a bike.
Flipper (Push) Pedal
With push pedal propulsion, you are using an alternating motion, pushing one foot down and then the other. This motion moves the fin-like flippers to propel the kayak. It is often easier on the knees.
Core Components of Kayak Pedal Drive Systems
All pedal drive systems have the following components:
Drive Unit
The anchor of the system that converts the motion into momentum for the kayak.
Pedals
This is where the user applies the input of energy into the system, either linear (push-pull) or rotation (circular) motion.
Propulsion Mechanism
Pedals connect to flippers (push systems) or propellers (rotational systems) under the kayak that move the water and propel the kayak.
Steering Control
Pedal systems have a rudder or adjustable fins attached to the system that allow for directional changes / steering.
Mounting Hardwear
Locking knobs or quick-release latches help to secure the drive to the kayak.
Propeller Drive Systems for Kayaks
Propeller-Driven Momentum
Thrust for prop drives comes from the circular pedaling that spins a propeller via a driveshaft and gears. This motion pushes water backward and thrusts the kayak forward.
Construction
- Pedals and cranks rotate the drive shaft
- Drive shafts transfer energy from the user input (pedals) to the propeller though gears.
- The gearbox houses the gears and should be covered with a waterproof guard. Gears allow for the change of direction (forward or reverse).
- Propeller provides thrust
- Retraction mechanisms lift the propeller out of the water for shallow-water navigation.
Advantages
- Achieve higher speeds than flipper drives
- Often has an instant reverse (just push the pedal backwards and the kayak will move backwards).
- Allows for consistent thrust, which is great for open water
Flipper Drive Systems for Kayaks
Flipper (Fin) Driven Momentum
Thrust for flipper drive systems comes from oscillating fins. Pedal strokes push down (like swim fins) and move the fins laterally, rather like penguin flippers.
Construction
- Pedals are depressed, up and down, alternately, and transfer energy to a central axle.
- The central axle pivots the fins, which generate thrust with each stroke. Flipper drives do not allow for backward momentum, so reverse is not possible unless manual fin adjustment is undertaken.
- Cables link fins to the system, rather than gears.
- Some models lock the fins under the kayak when not in use. Or uses hinges to allow the fins to pop up when they encounter an obstacle. This makes flipper drives especially good for skinny water fishing.
Advantages
- Excellent shallow-water performance as fins often lie flat against the hull
- Less joint strain due to the linear motion (rather than rotational, which can stress knees).
Whatever pedal drive system you choose for your kayak, you can get hands-free momentum to take on any activity. Happy pedaling!